| Fruits | Edible reproductive structures of flowering plants. | Apples, berries, bananas, oranges, tomatoes |
| Vegetables | Edible plant parts including leaves, stems, and roots. | Carrots, lettuce, potatoes, broccoli, onions |
| Grains and Cereals | Edible seeds from grasses used as food staples. | Wheat, rice, corn, oats, barley |
| Nuts and Seeds | Edible seeds high in fats and proteins. | Almonds, peanuts, chia seeds, sunflower seeds |
| Legumes | Seed pods, often high in protein, from leguminous plants. | Beans, peas, lentils, chickpeas |
| Herbs | Leaves or stems used for flavoring or medicinal purposes. | Basil, mint, thyme, parsley, cilantro |
| Spices | Dried plant parts (seeds, bark, roots) for flavoring. | Cinnamon, pepper, ginger, turmeric, cloves |
| Oils | Extracted from seeds, nuts, or fruits, used in cooking or industry. | Olive oil, coconut oil, canola oil, almond oil |
| Fiber | Material from plant stems and leaves used for textiles. | Cotton, flax (linen), hemp, jute |
| Timber and Wood | Hard plant material for building and crafts. | Oak, pine, bamboo, mahogany |
| Resins and Gums | Plant secretions used in industrial and food applications. | Gum arabic, pine resin, latex |
| Medicinal Compounds | Plant-derived compounds used for health benefits. | Aloe vera, echinacea, willow bark, ginseng |
| Tea Leaves | Dried leaves for making teas and infusions. | Green tea, black tea, chamomile, peppermint |
| Biofuels | Fuels derived from plant biomass. | Ethanol (from corn), biodiesel (from soybeans) |
| Essential Oils | Concentrated extracts from aromatic plants. | Lavender oil, eucalyptus oil, tea tree oil |
| Natural Sweeteners | Sugar or syrup obtained from plants. | Sugarcane, maple syrup, agave nectar |
| Starches | Carbohydrate-rich powders from plant roots or tubers. | Potato starch, corn starch, tapioca |
| Latex | Milky fluid from some plants, used in rubber production. | Rubber tree latex |
| Dye Plants | Plants that provide natural pigments for coloring. | Indigo, turmeric, beetroot, safflower |
| Forage | Edible plant material for livestock feed. | Alfalfa, clover, grasses |
| Compost and Mulch | Decomposed plant material for enriching soil. | Grass clippings, leaves, wood chips |